Raw

First we explored raw species data content. This corresponds to version 6.

Taxonomy preparation

We got different types of misstructured taxonomic informations:

  • Good: BAFOG, Iwokrama, Kabo, Malinau, Manare, Montagne Tortue, Paracou, Tene, Uppangala
  • Vernacular only - taxonomic information only in vernacular name: Jari, Moju, Peteco, Tapajos Km114, Tapajos Km67
  • Scientific only - taxonomic information only in scientific name: Ecosilva, Jenaro Herrera, Kibale, Lesong, Mbaiki, Misiones, Nelliyampathy, STREK, Sungai Lalang, Ulu Muda, Antimary APU2, Antimary APU3, Corinto, Embrapa Acre, Gola, Iracema, Mil, “Pad Limo 2 Barracos”, “Pad Limo Chico Bocao”, “Pad Limo Cumaru”, “Pad Limo Jatoba”, “Pad Limo Pocao”, “Pad Limo STCP”, “PAD Limoeiro Tabocal”, Peixoto, Tirimbina, Ser Filipinas, SUAS
  • Scientific in species - scientifc name in the species column: Sao Nicolau

We smoothed all taxonomic information with five columns: scientific, vernacular, family, genus, species (derived_data/raw_taxo_preped_vX.tsv).

Code
vernacular_only <- c("Moju", "Peteco", "Jari", "Tapajos Km114", "Tapajos Km67")
scientific_only <- c(
  "Kibale", "Lesong", "Mbaiki", "Ecosilva", "Jenaro Herrera",
  "Misiones", "Ulu Muda", "Sungai Lalang", "Nelliyampathy", "STREK",
  "Antimary APU2", "Antimary APU3", "Corinto", "Embrapa Acre", "Gola",
  "Iracema", "Mil", "Pad Limo 2 Barracos", "Pad Limo Chico Bocao",
  "Pad Limo Cumaru", "Pad Limo Jatoba", "Pad Limo Pocao", "Pad Limo STCP",
  "PAD Limoeiro Tabocal", "Peixoto", "Tirimbina", "Ser Filipinas", "SUAS"
)
scientific_in_species <- c("Sao Nicolau")
taxo_easy <- read_tsv(raw_file) %>%
  rename_all(tolower) %>%
  filter(!(site %in% c(
    vernacular_only,
    scientific_only,
    scientific_in_species
  )))
taxo_vernacular_only <- read_tsv(raw_file) %>%
  rename_all(tolower) %>%
  filter(site %in% vernacular_only) %>%
  separate(vernname, c("vernname", "scientificname"), sep = "\\[") %>%
  separate(vernname, "vernname", sep = "\\/") %>%
  mutate(scientificname = gsub("]", "", scientificname)) %>%
  separate(scientificname, c("genus", "species"), remove = FALSE)
taxo_scientific_only <- read_tsv(raw_file) %>%
  rename_all(tolower) %>%
  filter(site %in% scientific_only) %>%
  separate(scientificname, c("genus", "species"), remove = FALSE)
taxo_scientific_in_species <- read_tsv(raw_file) %>%
  rename_all(tolower) %>%
  filter(site %in% scientific_in_species) %>%
  separate(species, c("a", "species")) %>%
  select(-a)
taxo <- bind_rows(
  taxo_easy, taxo_vernacular_only,
  taxo_scientific_only, taxo_scientific_in_species
) %>%
  rename(scientific = scientificname, vernacular = vernname) %>%
  separate(genus, "genus", sep = "[\\.]", remove = FALSE) %>%
  separate(species, "species", sep = "[_\\.]", remove = FALSE) %>%
  mutate(across(
    c("scientific", "vernacular", "family", "genus", "species"),
    str_squish
  ))
write_tsv(taxo, preped_file)

All

We had data for 43 sites:

Code
taxo %>%
  group_by(site) %>%
  summarise(
    family = length(unique(na.omit(family))),
    genus = length(unique(na.omit(genus))),
    species = length(unique(paste(genus, species))),
    scientific = length(unique(na.omit(scientific))),
    vernacular = length(unique(na.omit(vernacular)))
  ) %>%
  kable(caption = "Numbers per taxonomic levels for each site.")
Numbers per taxonomic levels for each site.
site family genus species scientific vernacular
Antimary APU2 0 181 149 263 277
Antimary APU3 0 160 126 212 226
BAFOG 58 190 250 385 211
Corinto 65 162 232 304 0
Ecosilva 0 140 144 236 0
Embrapa Acre 0 178 138 251 263
Gola 0 186 199 317 0
Iracema 0 207 175 334 373
Iwokrama 41 110 100 156 157
Jari 0 206 329 501 455
Jenaro Herrera 57 190 340 464 0
Kabo 52 154 197 269 0
Kibale 0 104 69 123 0
Lesong 46 113 81 161 0
Malinau 71 215 437 684 0
Manare 50 131 193 276 197
Mbaiki 0 207 313 394 226
Mil 0 42 52 95 0
Misiones 42 94 115 123 0
Moju 0 166 276 398 340
Montagne Tortue 50 147 210 298 201
Nelliyampathy 0 64 76 106 0
PAD Limoeiro Tabocal 0 207 168 315 339
Pad Limo 2 Barracos 0 131 96 179 186
Pad Limo Chico Bocao 0 194 146 283 307
Pad Limo Cumaru 0 200 162 302 323
Pad Limo Jatoba 0 184 149 266 284
Pad Limo Pocao 0 137 100 191 202
Pad Limo STCP 0 183 141 265 285
Paracou 64 223 409 762 247
Peixoto 0 183 169 400 329
Peteco 0 165 247 340 288
STREK 0 244 340 859 0
SUAS 0 138 178 226 0
Sao Nicolau 44 117 109 275 293
Ser Filipinas 0 149 123 194 201
Sungai Lalang 52 115 76 170 0
Tapajos Km114 0 216 314 467 457
Tapajos Km67 0 198 306 442 665
Tene 49 146 166 200 208
Tirimbina 70 183 251 330 0
Ulu Muda 53 112 50 179 0
Uppangala 43 101 115 130 0

In total, we thus add 2,503 species before cleaning:

Code
taxo %>%
  summarise(
    family = length(unique(na.omit(family))),
    genus = length(unique(na.omit(genus))),
    species = length(unique(paste(genus, species))),
    scientific = length(unique(na.omit(scientific))),
    vernacular = length(unique(na.omit(vernacular)))
  ) %>%
  kable(
    format.args = list(big.mark = ","),
    caption = "Total numbers per taxonomic levels."
  )
Total numbers per taxonomic levels.
family genus species scientific vernacular
226 1,344 2,503 6,678 3,164

Species name construction using genus and species should be preferred as the scientific name column increases diversity with only slight differences:

Code
taxo %>%
  mutate(species = paste(genus, species)) %>%
  select(species, scientific) %>%
  unique() %>%
  group_by(species) %>%
  mutate(N = n()) %>%
  ungroup() %>%
  filter(species == "Paracroton pendulus") %>%
  kable(caption = "Example of multiple scientific names for one species genus pair.") # nolint
Example of multiple scientific names for one species genus pair.
species scientific N
Paracroton pendulus Paracroton pendulus subsp. zeylanicus (Thwaites) N.P.Balakr. & Chakrab. 2
Paracroton pendulus Paracroton pendulus 2
Code
taxo %>%
  mutate(species = paste(genus, species)) %>%
  select(species, scientific) %>%
  unique() %>%
  group_by(species) %>%
  summarise(N = n()) %>%
  filter(N > 1) %>%
  ggplot(aes(N)) +
  geom_histogram() +
  theme_bw() +
  scale_y_sqrt() +
  scale_x_sqrt() +
  xlab("Scientific names per genus species pairs") +
  ylab("")

Scientific names per genus species pairs.

Family

Families includes the following dubious names: #N/A, +, Indet, Indet., muerto, ND, No determinado, Not in DB, unid., unidentified, Unidentified

See the list below:

Code
fam_wrong <- c(
  "#N/A", "+", "muerto", "Indet.", "Not in DB", "unid.",
  "Unidentified", "unidentified", "ND", "No determinado", "Indet"
)
unique(filter(taxo, !(family %in% fam_wrong))$family) %>%
  sort() %>%
  paste0(collapse = ", ")
[1] "Acanthaceae, Achariaceae, Achatocarpaceae, Alangiaceae, Anacardiaceae, ANACARDIACEAE, Anarcadiaceae, Anarcardiaceae, Annonaceae, ANNONACEAE, Apocynaceae, APOCYNACEAE, Aponyceae, Aquifoliaceae, AQUIFOLIACEAE, Araliaceae, ARALIACEAE, Araucariaceae, Arecaceae, ARECACEAE, Asparagaceae, ASTERACEAE, Bignoniaceae, BIGNONIACEAE, Bixaceae, Bombacaceae, BOMBACACEAE, Boraginaceae, BORAGINACEAE, Burseraceae, BURSERACEAE, Calophyllaceae, Cannabaceae, Capparaceae, CAPPARACEAE, Cardiopteridaceae, Caricaceae, CARICACEAE, Caryocaraceae, CECROPIACEAE, Celastraceae, CELASTRACEAE, Centroplacaceae, CHLORANTHACEAE, Chrysobalanaceae, CHRYSOBALANACEAE, CLETHRACEAE, Clusiaceae, CLUSIACEAE, Combretaceae, COMBRETACEAE, Compositae, Convolvulaceae, Cordiaceae, Crypteroniaceae, CYATHEACEAE, DESCONOCIDA, DESCONOCIDO, Dichapetalaceae, DICHAPETALACEAE, Dilleniaceae, DILLENIACEAE, Dipterocarpaceae, Ebenaceae, Elaeocarpaceae, ELAEOCARPACEAE, Erythroxylaceae, ERYTHROXYLACEAE, Euphorbiaceae, EUPHORBIACEAE, Fabaceae, FABACEAE, FABACEAE/CAES., FABACEAE/MIM., FABACEAE/PAP., Fagaceae, Flacourtiaceae, FLACOURTIACEAE, Gentianaceae, Gnetaceae, Goupiaceae, Greyiaceae, Hernandiaceae, HERNANDIACEAE, Humiriaceae, HUMIRIACEAE, Hypericaceae, Icacinaceae, ICACINACEAE, Irvingiaceae, Ixonanthaceae, Juglandaceae, Lacistemataceae, Lamiaceae, Lauracea, Lauraceae, LAURACEAE, Lecythidaceae, LECYTHIDACEAE, Leguminosae, Linaceae, Lissorcarpaceae, Loganiaceae, Lythraceae, Magnoliaceae, MAGNOLIACEAE, Malpighiaceae, MALPIGHIACEAE, Malvacea, Malvaceae, MALVACEAE, MARCGRAVIACEAE, Melastomaceae, Melastomataceae, MELASTOMATACEAE, Meliaceae, MELIACEAE, Memecyclaceae, Menispermaceae, MENISPERMACEAE, Metteniusaceae, Monimiaceae, MONIMIACEAE, Moraceae, MORACEAE, Myristicacea, Myristicaceae, MYRISTICACEAE, Myrsinaceae, MYRSINACEAE, Myrtaceae, MYRTACEAE, NULL, Nyctaginaceae, NYCTAGINACEAE, Nyssaceae, Ochnaceae, OCHNACEAE, Olacaceae, OLACACEAE, Oleaceae, Opiliaceae, Oxalidaceae, Oxalidales, Pandaceae, Pentaphylacaceae, Peraceae, Peridiscaceae, Petiveriaceae, Phyllanthaceae, Phytolaccaceae, Picrodendraceae, PIPERACEAE, Podocarpaceae, Polygalaceae, Polygonaceae, POLYGONACEAE, Primulaceae, Proteaceae, Putranjavaceae, Putranjivaceae, PUTRANJIVACEAE, Quiinaceae, QUIINACEAE, Rhabdodendraceae, Rhamnaceae, RHAMNACEAE, Rhizophoracea, Rhizophoraceae, RHIZOPHORACEAE, Rosaceae, Rubiacea, Rubiaceae, RUBIACEAE, Rutacea, Rutaceae, RUTACEAE, Sabiaceae, SABIACEAE, Salicaceae, Santalaceae, Sapindaceae, SAPINDACEAE, Sapotaceae, SAPOTACEAE, Saxifragaceae, Simaroubaceae, SIMAROUBACEAE, Siparunaceae, Solanaceae, SOLANACEAE, Staphyleaceae, Stemonuraceae, Sterculiaceae, STERCULIACEAE, Styracaceae, STYRACACEAE, Symplocaceae, SYMPLOCACEAE, Tetrameristaceae, Theacea, Theaceae, TheaCEAE, Thymelaceae, Thymelaeaceae, Thymelaeceae, Tiliaceae, TILIACEAE, Ulmaceae, ULMACEAE, Urticaceae, Verbenaceae, VERBENACEAE, Violaceae, VIOLACEAE, Vitaceae, Vochysiaceae, VOCHYSIACEAE"

With the following counts:

Code
taxo %>%
  select(family, genus, species) %>%
  unique() %>%
  filter(family %in% fam_wrong) %>%
  summarise(N = n()) %>%
  kable(caption = "Number of family issues")
Number of family issues
N
11

Genus

Genus list:

Code
gen_wrong <- c(
  "", "#N/A", "A", "Indet", "nd", "sp", "sp1", "sp5", "Indetermined",
  "KERUING", "MERANTI", "MERSAWA", "BALAU", "muerto", "Unidentified",
  "Nd", "nd10", "nd11", "nd14", "nd15", "nd16", "nd17", "nd2", "nd22",
  "nd23", "nd25", "nd26", "nd27", "nd28", "nd29", "nd33", "nd34",
  "nd4", "nd6", "nd7", "nd9", "N", "F", "cf", "No", "UN", "Un", "Spt",
  "Unident", "Unknow", "unknown", "Unknown", "ni", "n", "OT"
)
t <- taxo %>%
  filter(!(genus %in% gen_wrong)) %>%
  select(genus) %>%
  unique() %>%
  filter(str_length(genus) <= 3)
unique(filter(taxo, !(genus %in% gen_wrong))$genus) %>%
  sort() %>%
  paste0(collapse = ", ")
[1] "Abarema, Abuta, Acacia, Acalypha, Achatocarpus, Achrouteria, Acioa, Acosmium, Acrocarpus, Actinodaphne, Actinostemon, Adenanthera, Adenathera, Adinandra, Aegiphila, Afrostyrax, Afzelia, Agalaia, Aganope, Agathis, aglaia, Aglaia, Aglaria, Agonandra, Agouticarpa, Agrostachys, Agrostistachys, Aidia, Aiouea, Alangium, Albizia, Albizzia, Alchornea, Alchorneopsis, Alexa, Alibertia, Allanblackia, Allantoma, Alliaceum, Allophylus, Alseis, Alseodaphne, Alsophila, Alstonia, Amaioua, Amanoa, Ambelania, Amburana, Amoora, Ampelocera, Amphimas, Amphiodon, Amphirrhox, Anacardiaceae, Anacardium, Anadenanthera, Anaxagorea, Andira, Angylocalyx, Aniba, Aningeria, Anishoptera, Anisophylla, Anisophyllea, Anisoptera, Annickia, Annona, Annonaceae, Anogeissus, Anomospermum, Anonidium, Anopyxis, Anthocephalus, Anthocleista, Anthonotha, Anthoshorea, Anthostema, Antiaris, Antidesma, Antonia, Antrocaryon, Aoranthe, Aparasthmium, Aparisthmium, Apeiba, Aphanamixis, Aphania, Aphanocalyx, Apidosperma, Apocynaceae, Apodites, Aporosa, Aporrhiza, Aporusa, Aptandra, Apuleia, aquilaria, Aquilaria, Aralia, Archidendron, Ardisia, Arrabidaea, Arsidendron, Artocarpus, Aspidosperma, Astrocaryum, Astronia, Astronium, Ateleia, Attalea, Atuna, Aubrevillea, Autranella, Avicennia, Azadirachta, Azadiractha, Baccaruea, Baccauera, Baccaurea, Bactris, Bagassa, Balanites, Balfourodendron, Balizia, Banara, Baphia, Baringtonia, Barringtonia, Barteria, Barylucuma, Bastardiopsis, Batesia, Batocarpus, Bauhinia, Beilschmeidia, Beilschmiedia, Beilshmedia, Beishmeidia, Bellucia, Belonophora, Berhadapa, Berlinia, Bersama, Bersame, Bertholletia, Bhesa, Billia, Bischofia, Bixa, Blepharistemma, Blighia, Blumeodendron, Bobgunnia, Bocageopsis, Bocoa, Bombacopsis, Bombax, Borojoa, Bosqueia, Bouea, Bowdichia, Brachystegia, Brackenridgea, Breviea, Breynia, Bridelia, Brosimum, Brownlowia, Buchanania, Buchenavia, Buchholzia, Bunchosia, Burceracea, Burdachia, Burseaceae, Bursecaceae, Burseraceae, Bussea, Byrsonima, Cabralea, Caesalpinia, Calatola, Callerya, Calliandra, Callicarpa, Caloncoba, Calophyllum, Calpocalyx, Calycolpus, Calycophyllum, Calyptranthes, Camanger, Camnosperma, Campnosperma, Campomanesia, Campsiandra, Campsoneura, canarium, Canarium, Candolleodendro, Canthium, Capirona, Capparidastrum, Capparis, Caraipa, Carallia, Carapa, Carica, Cariniana, Carrata, Caryocar, Caryodendron, Caryota, Casearea, Casearia, Cassia, Cassine, Cassipourea, Cassorea, Castanopsis, Castilla, Castonopsis, Cathedra, Cathormion, Catoblastus, Catostemma, Cavanillesia, Cecropia, Cedrela, Cedrelinga, Ceiba, Celastraceae, Celtis, Cephalomappa, Cespedesia, Cestrum, Chaetachme, Chaetacme, Chaetocarpus, Chamaecrista, Chaumochytum, Chaunochiton, Cheatacme, Cheatchme, Cheiloclinidium, Cheiloclinium, Chelyocarpus, Chidlowia, Chimarrhis, Chionanthus, Chisocheton, Chlamydocola, Chlorocardium, Chlorophora, Chomelia, Chorisia, Christiana, Chrsophylum, Chrysobalanaceae, Chrysochlamys, Chrysophyllum, Chukrasia, Chytranthus, Cinnammon, Cinnamomum, Citharexylum, Citronella, Clarisia, Clathrotropis, Clausena, Clavija, Cleistanthus, Cleistopholis, Clethra, Climostemon, Clinostemon, Clitoria, Clophyllum, Coccoloba, Cochlospermum, Cocoona, Coelocaryon, Coelodepas, Coelostegia, Coelostiga, Coffea, Cojoba, Cola, Colubrina, Combretum, Compnosperma, Conceveiba, Conchocarpus, Connarus, Conopharyngia, Conostegia, Coona, Coordercinodendron, Copaifera, Cordia, Corynanthe, Corythophora, Cotylelobium, Couepia, Coula, Couma, Couratari, Couroupita, Coussapoa, Coussarea, Coutarea, Craterispermum, Cratersperumum, Crateva, Cratolyxum, Cratoxyllon, Cratoxyllum, Cratoxylum, Cremastosperma, Crepidospermum, Crescentia, Crogbei, Croton, Crudia, Crypteronia, Cryptocarya, Cryptosepalum, Ctenolophon, Cullenia, Cupania, Cussonia, Cuviera, Cyathea, Cyathocalyx, Cybianthus, Cynometra, Cyrillopsis, Dacryodes, Dactyladenia, Dahlstedtia, Dalbergia, Daniellia, Dasylepis, Dead, Dehaasia, Dehaassia, Deinbollia, Dendobrangia, Dendrobangia, Dendrocnide, Dendropanax, Derris, Desconocido, Desplatsia, Detarium, Dialium, Dialypetalanthus, Diatenopteryx, Dichapetalum, Dichostemma, Dichrostachys, Diclinanona, Dicoryinia, Dicorynia, Dictyandra, Dictyoloma, Didelotia, Didymopanax, Dillenia, Dimocarpus, Dimorphandra, Dimorphocalyx, Dinizia, Diospyros, Diplokema, Diploon, Diplotropis, Dipterocarpaceae, Dipterocarpus, Dipteryx, Discocarpus, Discoclaoxylon, Discoglypremna, Discophora, Disoxylum, Distemonanthus, Distictella, Dodecastigma, Dodecastignma, Doliocarpus, Dombeya, Dourodoa, Dovyalis, Dracaena, Dracontomelon, Dralum, Drymicarpus, Dryobalanops, Drypetes, Duabanga, Duabunga, Duboscia, Duckeodendron, Duguetia, Dulacia, Durio, Duroia, Dussia, Dyera, Dypetes, Dysoxylum, Dystovomita, Ebenaceae, Ecclinusa, Ehretia, Ekebergia, Elaeis, Elaeocarpaceae, Elaeocarpus, Elaeoluma, Elaeophorbia, Elateriospermum, Elizabetha, Elvasia, Emmotum, Empogona, Enademia, Endiandra, endiantra, Endlicheria, Endodesmia, Endopleura, Endospermum, Engelhardia, Engelhardtia, Englerophytum, Enicoshantum, Entada, Entandrophragma, Enterolobium, Eperua, Ephedranthus, Eribroma, Eriocoelum, Eriotheca, Erisma, Erthyroxilom, Erycibe, Erythrina, Erythrophleum, Erythroxylon, Erythroxylum, Eschweilera, Esenbeckia, Euadenia, Eugeissona, Eugeissonia, Eugenia, Euodia, Euonymus, Eupatorium, Euphorbia, Euphorbiaceae, Euplassa, Eurycoma, Eusideroxylon, Euterpe, Euxylophora, Evodia, Exellodendron, Exostyles, Fagaceae, Fagara, Fagaropsis, Fagraea, Fahrenheitia, Faramea, Ferdinandusa, Fernandoa, Ficus, Flacourtia, Flacourtiaceae, Fleroya, Fordia, Forsteronia, Forterandia, Fragraea, Fragrea, Funtumia, Fusaea, Gaertnera, Galearia, Galipea, Gallesia, Ganophyllum, Ganua, Garcinia, Gardenia, Gargium, Gaulettia, Geissospermum, Genipa, Geonoma, Gilbertiodendron, Gironneira, Gironniera, Gisini, Gissinie, Gleditsia, Glochidion, Gloeospermum, Gluta, Glycidendron, Glycosmis, Glycydendron, Glyphaea, Gmelina, Gnetum, Goethalsia, Gomphia, Goniothalamus, Gonocaryum, Gonystylus, Gordonia, Goupia, Graffenrieda, Greenwayodendron, Grewia, Grias, Guapira, Guarea, Guatteria, Guatteriopsis, Guazuma, Guettarda, Guibourtia, Guioa, Gustavia, Guttiferae, Gymnacranthera, Gymnostemon, Gynotroches, Gyronera, Hallea, Hampea, Handroanthus, Hannoa, Harmandia, Harpullia, Harungana, Hasseltia, Hebepetalum, Hedyosmum, Heisteria, Helicia, Helicostylis, Helietta, Heliocarpus, Hemandradenia, Hennecartia, Henriettea, Heritiera, Heritieria, Hernandia, Herrania, Hevea, Hexalobus, Heynea, Hidnocarpus, Hieronima, Hieronyma, Hildegardia, Himatanthus, Hippotis, Hirtella, Holarrhena, Holigarna, Holocalyx, Holoptelea, Homalanthus, Homalium, Homalolepis, Homalolepsis, hopea, Hopea, Horsfieldia, Hortia, Huberodendron, Humboldtia, Humiria, Humiriastrum, Hunteria, Hura, Hydnocarpus, Hydrocarpus, Hydrochorea, Hyeronima, Hyeronyma, Hymenaea, Hymenocardia, Hymenolobium, Hymenopus, Hymenostegia, Hypobathrium, Icacinaceae, Ichthyophora, Ilex, Indora, Inga, Inhambanella, Intsia, Iriartea, Irvingia, Iryanthera, Isertia, Isolona, Isonandra, Ixonanthes, Ixonanthus, Ixora, Jacaranda, Jacaratia, Jackia, Jessenia, Joannesia, Jubelina, Kafer, Keayodendron, Kerangi, Keruing, Khaya, Kibatalia, Kigalia, Kigelia, Klainedoxa, Klarobelia, knema, Knema, Koilodepas, Koilodepus, Kokoona, Koompasia, Koompassia, Koona, Koordersiodendron, Kubitzkia, Kutchubaea, Laccodiscus, Lacistema, Lacmellea, Lacunaria, Laetia, Lafoensia, Lagerstroemia, Lancium, Lannea, Lansium, Lasianthus, Lasiodiscus, Lauraceae, Lecaniodiscus, Lechytidaceae, Lecointea, Lecythidaceae, Lecythis, Leea, Leguminaceae, Leguminosae, Leonia, Lepidobotrys, Lepidocaryum, Lepisanthes, Lepisantus, Leplaea, Leptactina, Leptaulus, Leptobalanus, Leptonychia, Leretia, Liana, Liana2, Licania, Licaria, Licuala, Lidera, Limadendron, Lindackeria, Linderkeria, Linociera, Liriosma, Lissocarpa, Lissorcarpa, Litherocarpus, Lithocarpus, Litocarpus, litsea, Litsea, Litsia, Livistona, llex, Lonchocarpus, Lophira, Lophopetalum, Loreya, Lovoa, Loxopterygium, Lozania, Luehea, Lueheopsis, Lunania, Lycania, Lychnodiscus, Lychodiscus, Lynchodiscus, Mabea, Mabia, Macaranga, Maccaranga, Machaerium, Machilus, Maclura, Macoubea, Macrolobium, Madhuca, Maduca, Maerua, Maesobotrya, Maesopsis, Magnifera, Magnistipula, Magnolia, Magreteria, Mahurea, Majidea, Mallotus, Mallutos, Malmea, Malouetia, Malpighia, Maltanranthos, Mammea, Mangifera, Manihot, Manilkara, Mansonia, Maprounea, Maquira, Maranthes, Marcgravia, Mareya, Margaretia, Margaritaria, Marila, Markhamia, Marlierea, Marmaroxylon, Martiodendron, Massularia, Mastixia, Matayba, Matisia, Mauritia, Maximiliana, Mayna, Maytenus, Measopsis, Meiogyne, Melanochyla, Melanochylla, Melastomataceae, Meliaceae, Melicoccus, Melicope, Meliosma, Memecylon, Meranti, Mesua, Metrodorea, Metrodoria, Mezilaurus, Mezzetia, Mezzettia, Michelia, Miconia, Micrandra, Microcos, Microdesmis, Micropholis, Microtropis, Mildbraediodendron, Milicia, Milletia, Millettia, Mimusops, Minquartia, Misanteca, Mitragyna, Mollatus, Mollia, Mollinedia, Monocarpia, Monodora, Monoon, Monteverdia, Moquilea, Mora, Moraceae, Morelia, Moronobea, Morous, Mortoniodendron, Morus, Moulthonianthus, Moultonianthus, Mouriri, Mouriria, Moutabea, Muellera, Musanga, Myrcia, Myrcianthes, Myrciaria, Myrianthus, Myristica, Myristicacea, Myristicaceae, Myrisytica, Myrocarpus, Myroxylon, Myrsine, Myrtaceae, Mystrozylen, Mystrozylon, Napoleona, Napoleonaea, Naringi, Nauclea, Naucleopsis, Ndengbeyawie, Nealchornea, Necepsia, Nectandra, Neea, Neesia, Nemaluma, Neobalanocarpus, Neoboutania, Neocalyptrocalyx, Neocarya, Neolamarckia, Neolamaricka, Neolitsea, Neonauclea, Neoptychocarpus, Neoraputia, Neoschortechinia, Neoscortechinia, Neostenanthera, Nephelium, Nesogordonia, Newbouldia, Newtomia, Newtonia, Nothaphoebe, Nothopegia, Ochanostachys, Ochna, Ochnaceae, Ochroma, Ochthocosmus, Ocotea, Octoknema, Octomeles, Oenocarpus, Okoubaka, Olax, Oldfieldia, Olea, Oleaceae, Omphalocarpum, Oncoba, Oncosperma, Ongokea, Onychopetalum, Ophiobotrys, Optandra, Ormosia, Orophea, Ossaea, Osteophloeum, Ostodes, Otoba, Otonephelium, Oubanguia, Ouratea, Oxandra, Oxyanthus, Oxynthus, Oxyrithus, Ozoroa, Pachira, Pachyelasma, Pachystela, Paena, Pajanelia, Palaqium, palaquium, Palaquium, Palicourea, Pancovia, Panda, Pangium, Pantacea, Paracroton, Paragonia, Parahancornia, Paramachaerium, Paramacrolobium, Paranephelium, Parapiptadenia, Paraprotium, Parartocarpus, Paraserianthes, Parashorea, Parastemon, Parathesis, Paratocarpus, Parinari, Parinariopsis, Parinarium, Parishia, Parkia, Paropsia, Paullinia, Pauridiantha, Pausandra, Pausinystalia, Pavetta, Payena, Paypayrola, Pelawan, Pellacalyx, Peltogyne, Peltophorum, Pentace, Pentaclethra, Pentadesma, Pentaspadon, Peponidium, Pera, Perebea, Perospermum, Persea, Pertusadina, Peschiera, Petersianthus, Petrenandra, Phanera, Phoebe, Pholidocarpus, Phyllanthus, Phyllocarpus, Phyllocosmus, Physocalymma, Phytolacca, Picralima, Picramnia, Picrasma, Pilocarpus, Pimelodendron, Pinzona, Piper, Piptadenia, Piptadeniastrum, Piptocarpha, Pisonia, Pithecellobium, Pithecelobium, Placodiscus, Planchonia, Platea, Platonia, Platycyamus, Platymiscium, Platypodium, Platysmicium, Plectronia, Pleiocarpa, Pleiocarpidia, Pleuranthodendron, Pleurothyrium, Plinia, Podocalyx, Podocarpus, Poecilanthe, Poeppigia, Pogonophora, Polyalhia, Polyalthia, Polyanlthia, Polyanthia, Polygalaceae, Polygonanthus, Polyosma, Polyscais, Polyscias, Pomeleodendron, Pometia, Popowia, Poraqueiba, Porterandia, Posoqueria, Pourouma, Pouteria, Pradosia, Prainea, Premna, Prieurella, Prioria, Prisma, Prockia, Proteaceae, Protium, Protomegabaria, Prunas, Prunus, Pseudalbizzia, Pseudima, Pseudobombax, Pseudolmedia, Pseudomalmea, Pseudopiptadenia, Pseudospondias, Pseudoxandra, Psidium, Psychotria, Psydrax, Pteleopsis, Ptenandra, Pternadra, Pternandra, Pterocarpus, Pterocymbium, Pterospemum, Pterospermum, Pterygota, Ptychopetalum, Ptychopyxis, Pycnanthus, Qualea, Quararibea, Quassia, Quercus, Quiina, Radlkofera, Radlkoferella, Ragala, Ralwolfia, Randia, Rauvolfia, Recordoxylon, Reinwardtiodendron, Rhabdodendron, Rhabdodenrdon, Rhabdophyllum, Rhamnaceae, Rheedia, Rhodamnia, Rhodognaphalon, Rhodostemonodaphne, Richeria, Ricinodendron, Rinorea, Rinoreocarpus, Rollinia, Rosaceae, Rothmannia, Roucheria, Roupala, Rovoulfia, Rubiaceae, Rudgea, Ruizodendron, Ruizterania, Ruprechtia, Ryparosa, Rytigynia, Sacoglottis, Sageraea, Sagotia, Sagrea, Sahagunia, Salacia, Samanea, Sambucus, Sandoricum, Sandwithia, Santiria, Sapindaceae, Sapindus, Sapium, Sapotaceae, Sapranthus, Saraca, Sarcaulus, Sarcotheca, Scaphium, Scheelea, Schefflera, Schima, Schinopsis, Schizolobium, Schleichera, Schoenobiblus, Schoutenia, Sclerocroton, Sclerolobium, Scleronema, Scolopia, Scorodocarpus, Scottellia, Sculopia, Scutinanthe, Scytopetalum, Sebastiania, Seguieria, Semecarpus, Senegalia, Senna, Sextonia, Shirakiopsis, shorea, Shorea, Shoreasp, Shoreea, Sickingia, Sideroxylon, Simaba, Simarouba, Simira, Sindora, Siparuna, Sloanea, Smeathmannia, Socratea, Solanum, Solei, Sonneratia, Sorocea, Soyauxia, Spachea, Sparattosperma, Spathodea, Spatholobus, Spoctubilis, Spondias, Stachyarrhena, Stachyothyrsus, Staudtia, Stemmadenia, Stemonocoleus, Stemonorus, Stemonurus, Sterculia, Sterculiaceae, Stereospermum, Streblus, Strephonema, Strichnosmitis, Strombosia, Strombosiopsis, Strychnos, Stryphnodendron, Stylogyne, Styrax, Swartzia, Swietenia, Swintonia, Syagrus, Symmeria, Sympetalandra, Symphonia, Symplocos, Synsepalum, Syzygiopsis, syzygium, Syzygium, Tabebuia, Tabernaemontana, Tabernamontana, Tachigali, Talauma, Talisia, Tanaecium, Tapirira, Tapura, Taralea, Tarena, Tarenna, Teclea, Teijsmanniodendron, Terminalia, Ternstroemia, Tessmannia, Tetraberlinia, Tetractomia, Tetragastris, Tetrameles, Tetrameranthus, Tetramerista, Tetrapilus, Tetrapleura, Tetrastylidium, Tetrorchidium, Theaceae, Theobroma, Thomandersia, Thymeleaceae, Thymeliaceae, Thyrsodium, Tibouchina, Tieghemella, Tiliaceae, Timonius, Tocoyena, Toona, Torresea, Toulicia, Touroulia, Tovomita, Trattinickia, Trattinnickia, Treculia, Trema, Tricalysia, Trichilia, Trichoscypha, Trichospermum, Tridesmostemon, Trigonopleura, Trigonostemon, Trilepisium, Triplaris, Triplochiton, Tristania, Tristaniopsis, Tritaxis, Trophis, Trymatococcus, Tubernaemontana, Turpinia, Turraeanthus, Uapaca, Ulin, Ulmaceae, Unonopsis, Urbanella, Urera, Uvaria, Uvariopsis, Vangueria, Vantanea, Vasconcellea, Vasivaea, Vatairea, Vataireopsis, Vateria, Vatica, Ventilago, Vepris, Verbenaceae, Vernonia, Virola, Vismia, Vitex, Voacanga, Vochysia, Votomita, Vouacapoua, Vouarana, Warszewiczia, Welfia, Xanoquito, Xanthophyllum, Xantophyllum, Xerospermum, Xylia, Xylopia, Xylosma, Xylosterculia, Zanha, Zanthoxylum, Zeylanica, Ziziphus, Zizyphus, Zollernia, Zygia"

Genera includes the following dubious names: {r} paste(gen_wrong, collapse = ",").

With the following counts:

Code
taxo %>%
  select(family, genus, species) %>%
  unique() %>%
  filter(genus %in% gen_wrong) %>%
  summarise(N = n()) %>%
  kable(caption = "Number of genus issues")
Number of genus issues
N
129

Species

Species list:

Code
sp_wrong <- c(
  "Indet", "Indet.", "sp", "sp.", "Schaeff", "Schaeff.", "Mast", "Welw",
  "Stapf", "Hook", "Gilg", "Benth", "flacouirtiaceae", "Determinado",
  "BERMINYAK", "TIDAK", "KUNING", "spp", "", "1", "10", "11", "12", "13",
  "14", "15", "16", "17", "18", "19", "2", "20", "21", "22", "23", "25",
  "27", "28", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "a", "A", "sp1", "sp5",
  "L", "muerto", "JAP1001", "JAP1028", "JAP1036", "JAP1291", "JAP1398",
  "JAP1457", "JAP1627", "JAP1725", "JAP1799", "JAP1856", "JAP1873",
  "JAP1882", "JAP1891", "jariensis", "jauari", "javanica", "javanicum",
  "JCO355", "JCO407", "JCO416", "JCO578", "JCO597", "JCO670", "JCO696",
  "JCO710", "JCO736", "GFL1876", "GFL1997", "GFL2022", "GFL2211",
  "GFL2386", "GFL2411", "GFL2488", "GFL2606", "GFL2703", "GFL2772",
  "GFL2941", "GFL3093", "GFL3170", "GFL3182", "GFL3224", "GFL3284",
  "GFL3295", "GFL3481", "GFL3661", "GFL3686", "GFL6037", "GHP102",
  "JAP1000", "id", "indet", "Ridl", "sp13", "sp2", "sp3", "sp53",
  "species", "X", "XIV", "XVI", "spp", "n", "sp2", "a", "int",
  "L", "sur", "P", "4", "sp3", "id", "X", "2", "23", "1", "XVI",
  "19", "17", "5", "7", "22", "21", "3", "10", "11", "18", "16", "8",
  "XIV", "20", "14", "dao", "13", "6", "9", "25", "12", "28", "15",
  "27", "pin", "cf", "nd", "or", "DC"
)
t <- taxo %>%
  filter(!(species %in% sp_wrong)) %>%
  select(species) %>%
  unique() %>%
  filter(str_length(species) <= 3)
unique(filter(taxo, !(species %in% sp_wrong))$species) %>%
  sort() %>%
  paste0(collapse = ", ")
[1] "abbreviata, abyssinica, acaciifolium, acanthocarpa, acapulcensis, acida, aciphylla, acreana, acreanum, acrocephala, aculeata, aculeatum, acuminata, acuminatissima, acuminatissimum, acuminatum, acuminatus, acuminta, acuta, acutangula, acutangulum, acutangulus, acutiflora, acutifolia, acutifolium, acutifolius, adaintifolia, adenophora, adianthifolia, adolfi, adolphi-fridericii, adstringens, aeruginosa, aerugo, aethiopica, affine, affinis, africana, africanum, africanus, afzelii, agami, agamii, aggregatum, agregatum, ahia, airy, alata, alatum, alba, albescens, albicans, albicoria, albidiramea, albidum, albiflora, albiflorum, albiramis, alboromutum, album, alchorneoides, alicastrum, aliena, alliaceum, alliodora, alloiophylla, almon, alpinus, alterna, alternifolia, altissima, altissimum, altsonii, altsonii (fragrans), amapaensis, amara, amazonia, amazonica, amazonicum, amazonicus, amazonum, ambelaniifolia, ambotay, amentacea, americana, amingayi, amoena, amoenum, amooroides, amorphoides, ampla, amplexicalius, amplexicaulis, amplifolia, amshoffiana, amygdalifolia, anamalaiense, ananta, anastomosans, andongensis, aneura, angolense, angolensis, angulata, angusta, angustifolia, angustifolium, angustifolius, angustiloba, aningeri, anisata, anisocalyx, anisophylla, anisophyllus, annatum, anomala, anomalum, anonaceae1, ansiophyllus, antennifera, anteridifera, anthelminthica, anthotheca, anysophyllus, apeibophylla, apetala, aphlebia, apicalis, apiculata, apiculatum, apiculatummm, apodanthus, appendiculata, aptera, apterum, aquatica, aquifolium, arabica, arachicarpa, arachnocome, aracouchini, arataciu, arborea, arborescens, arboreus, areolata, argentea, argenteum, argenteus, argentifolia, argiratus, arguta, argyratus, argyrophylla, aristata, aritu, armata, armeniaca, arnoldiana, arnoldianum, arnottiana, arnottianum, aromatica, artanthifolia, arthropoda, articulatus, asbeckii, aspence, aspera, asperifolia, asperula, assamicus, assimilis, atanum, atirrensis, atlantica, atra, atrinervosa, atropetiolata, atropurpurea, atroviolacea, atroviolaceus, atrovirens, atroviridis, attenuata, attenuatum, Aubl, aubletii, aubrevillei, aucuparium, augouardii, augusta, auratum, auriculata, auriculatum, auricululatum, auristellae, australe, austrocoriaceum, autissimum, aviformis, axillaris, aylmeri, bacaba, baccata, baccatum, baccifera, bacciformis, bacillaris, baculifera, bacuri, bagshawei, bahiae, baikiaeoides, bailloni, baillonii, bakembei, bakonensis, balansae, balata, ballayi, balsamifera, balsamum, bancana, bancanus, bancoensis, bangii, bankae, bankense, banksii, bantamensis, barbata, barbatimao, barbatum, barbellata, barteri, basilaris, bataua, battiscombei, baudii, bauhiniaefolia, bauhiniifolia, beccarian, beccariana, beccarianum, beccarianus, beccarii, beccoriana, beddomei, beguei, beillei, belemitana, bella, bellirica, bengalensis, bennettii, benthamiana, benthamianus, benthamii, bequaertii, berteroana, bescotomentosa, bethanniana, bicolor, bicornis, bidentata, biflora, biflorum, bifolium, bigeminum, bigricans, bijuga, bilineatum, billbergianus, bilocularis, bipindensis, blackii, blepharophylla, blommesteinii, blumeanus, blumei, bocatorena, bofo, bolivarensis, boliviana, bonplandianum, bonplandii, boonei, boorneensis, boornensis, borealis, borneense, borneensis, Borneensis, bornesis, botryoides, boukokoense, bourdillonii, bourgoni, bourgonii, boya, boyanii, brachiata, brachyandra, brachyanthera, brachybotrys, brachyclada, brachylepis, brachypetala, brachypoda, brachyrachis, brachystachys, brachystachyum, brachytepala, bracteata, bracteatus, bracteolata, bracteolosa, bracteosa, brasiliense, brasiliensis, brenesii, brevibracteata, brevibracteatus, brevicaulis, brevicuspe, brevicuspis, brevipes, brevis, brevistaminea, brevives, bridelioides, brittoniana, brunnea, brunnescens, brunonis, bubalinum, bucchanani, buchholzii, bucidoides, buettneri, bulbalinum, bullata, bulliformis, buonopozense, burchellii, burkartiana, Burm, burseraefolia, burserifolia, butayei, butyracea, buxifolia, caballina, cacao, cadamba, caducifolia, caerulescens, caffra, caimito, cainito, calistophylla, calleryanum, callosa, calodendron, caloneura, calophylla, calophylloides, calophyllum, calycina, calysina, campanulata, campechiana, campestre, campestris, canaliculata, canarica, canariodes, candolleana, candollei, candollii, canelilla, canella, canellila, canephora, canescens, canjerana, cannella, cantleyanus, capensis, capillipes, capitata, capitatus, capitulifera, capreifolia, caracasana, carapanauba, carbonaria, cardiosperma, caricifolia, carinata, carinatus, carthagenensis, caryophylloides, caseolaris, casiquiarensis, cassia, cassiaefolia, castanea, castaneifolia, castanocarpus, cateniformis, catharinensis, catigua, caucana, caudata, caudatilimbum, caudatum, caudatus, caudiferus, cauliflora, cauliflorum, cavalcantei, cayennensis, ceanothifolia, cecropiifolia, cecropioides, cedrata, cedron, celebica, centrale, centrodesma, cephalostigma, cerasiferum, cerasiformis, cerasina, ceratoxylon, cernua, cerospermus, cestroides, ceylanica, chambira, chartacea, chartaceifolia, chartaceus, chavarrianum, chevalieri, chiapensis, chinensis, chlamydantha, chloranthum, chlorantum, chocoensis, chonta, christianii, chrysocalyx, chrysochlamys, chrysopetala, chrysophylla, chrysophyllum, chuco, cicatricata, ciliata, cinerea, cinnabarina, cinnamomea, cinnamomifolia, cinnamomifolium, cinnamomum, cinnamonea, cissiflora, citrifolia, citrifolium, cladantha, clathrata, claussenii, claviflora, clavigia, clavimyrtus, clusiifolia, coarctata, cobbe, coccinea, cochinchinense, cochinchinensis, cochlearia, cochleariifolium, cochleata, cochleatum, cocleata, cocleensis, coerulea, coerulescens, coeruleum, coffeifolia, coffeoides, cognatum, collina, collocarpa, colombianum, coloneura, colorata, columbiana, commersoniana, commune, commutata, comosa, compactum, compressa, concinna, concolor, conferta, confertiflora, confertum, confertus, confusa, confusus, congensis, congesta, congestiflora, congestifolia, congoensis, congolana, congolensis, conifera, conjugata, conocarpus, consimilis, constricta, contortisiliquum, contracta, convertus, cooperi, copaia, coracea, cordata, cordatum, cordifolia, coriacea, cornata, corneri, cornutus, coronata, correae, corrugata, corthalsii, corymbosa, corymbulosa, costaricana, costaricense, costaricensis, costata, costatum, costulata, costulatus, courbaril, courtallensis, coutinhoi, cowanii, crassa, crassiflora, crassifolia, crassinervia, crassipetala, crassipetalum, crenata, crenulata, crepitans, crinita, crispa, crispiflorus, cristata, croatii, crotonoides, cruentum, cubensis, cufodontisii, cujete, cumini, cuneata, cuneatocordata, cuneatum, cuneatus, cuneifolium, cupanioides, cuprea, cupulata, curranii, curtisii, curvata, cuspidata, cuspidatum, cuspitada, cyclocarpum, cydonioides, cylindrica, cylindricum, cylindrocarpon, cymosa, cymulosa, cyrtobotryum, dactyloides, dactyloids, dadah, dalichocarpa, dananensis, daphnoides, dasyadena, dasyphyllum, dawei, dayakensis, debilis, decagyna, decandra, decandrum, decaphylla, decaphyllus, deciduum, decipiens, declinata, decolorans, decorticans, decumanun, decusata, decussata, deflexa, deltoidea, demerarae, demerarense, densa, densicoma, densiflora, densifolia, densifrons, dentata, dentatus, denticulatum, dentriculatum, depresinervosa, depressinervosum, Desconocido, desmanthum, dewevrei, dewildei, diadenum, dichasialis, dichotoma, dichroa, diclina, diderrichii, didyma, didymantha, didymostemon, diguense, dinizii, dinklagei, dioica, dioicus, diospyrifolia, diospyroides, dipearia, diplopetala, discoidea, discolor, discreta, dissimilis, distachya, dittocrepis, divaricata, divaricatum, divergens, diversifolia, diversifolium, diversipetalum, dolichaula, dolichocalyx, dolichocarpa, doniana, donnell, donnellsmithii, dorsiloba, douradensis, driffithii, dryobalanoides, dubardii, dubium, duchesnei, Ducke, duckeana, duckei, dulcis, dulitensis, dumetosa, dumosa, Dunal, duparquetiana, dura, durandii, durifructum, durlandii, dwyeri, dyctoneura, dyeri, ebenum, ecalyculata, echinata, echinatum, echinatus, echinocarpa, echinophora, edentula, edule, edulis, eetveldeana, effusa, effusus, egensis, eggelingi, eggersiana, egleri, egregia, ehie, ehrenbergiana, eichleri, ekmanii, elaeagnoides, elaeosperma, elastica, elasticus, elata, elatum, elegans, elliotii, elliptica, ellipticifolia, ellipticum, ellipticus, elmeri, elonga, elongata, elongatus, elvasioides, emarginata, emarginatum, eminens, eminii, endertii, engleri, equatoriense, erecta, erectinervia, erianthus, eriobetalum, eriocalyx, eriopetalum, eriopila, erythrocarpa, erythrophylla, esculenta, espintana, essequeboensis, eugenifolia, eugeniifolia, euneura, eurycarpa, euryphyllum, evansii, evena, everetii, ewyckii, exaltata, exarillata, exasparta, exasperata, excellens, excelsa, excelsia, excelsum, excessim, exelliptica, eximia, exorrhiza, exsucca, eyma, fagara, fagifolium, faguetiana, faguetoides, falcata, falcataria, falcifera, falciferoides, fallax, fanchoniana, fanshawei, fascicarpa, fasciculata, fastigiata, fastuosa, fauciflora, felipes, fendleri, ferox, ferrea, ferrox, ferruginea, ferruginescens, ferrugineus, fibocarpa, fibrigera, fibrocarpa, ficifolia, ficigemma, filicoidea, filipes, fimbriata, fimbriatum, fimbrillifera, firma, fissilis, fistuloides, fistulosa, flaemingii, flagellaris, flava, flavescens, flavicans, flavida, flaviflora, flavilatex, flavum, flexuosa, floribunda, floribundum, floribundus, florida, foetida, foetidum, folha, foliolosa, forbesii, forficata, formosa, formosum, forstenii, fosteri, fouilloyana, fracta, fragans, fragrans, fragrantissima, fraxinifolius, froesii, frondosa, frondosum, frondosus, fructipendula, fruinosa, frutescens, fruticosa, fulva, fulvinervis, functiculosa, furfuracea, furfurucea, fusca, fuscotomentosa, gabonensis, gabunensis, galeata, galeottii, gallicum, gambecola, gamopetala, ganggoo, garckeana, gardneri, gardneriana, gasipaes, gaudichaudii, gazelii, gemelliflora, gemmiflora, geniculata, genipiflora, gentryi, ghatensis, gibbosa, gigantae, gigantea, gigantecarpa, giganteum, gigantifolia, gigantifoliola, gigantocarpa, gigantofolia, gigas, gilgiana, gilletii, glaberrima, glabra, glabrata, glabrescens, glabriflorus, glabrigemmatus, glabrum, glandistipula, glandulifera, glandulosa, glandulosopunctata, glandulosum, glauca, glaucescens, glaucus, glazioveana, gleasoniana, globosa, globosum, globosus, globulifera, glomerata, glomeruliflora, gloriensis, gloriosa, glycicarpa, glycycarpa, goeldiana, goeldianum, goetheanus, goiabinha, goliath, golungensis, gomma, gomphiifolia, gomphophylla, gonggrijpii, gongrijpii, gonocarpum, gore, gossweileri, gossypiosperma, gracile, graciliflora, gracilifolia, gracilior, gracilis, grahamii, granatensis, grandbracteata, grandiflora, grandiflorus, grandifolia, grandifoliola, grandifolium, grandifolius, grandis, grandistipula, grandistipulata, granulata, granulosa, granulosum, granvillei, grata, graveolens, griffithii, grifithii, grossularioides, group, guajar, guajava, guatterioides, guaviroba, guazumifolia, guereensis, guianense, guianensis, guidonia, guilleminiana, guineense, guineensis, guiso, gummi-gutta, gummifera, gutta, guyanensis, guyanensis subsp, habrantha, haematospermum, hamata, harmsiana, hartshorniana, hartshornii, hasseltii, haumanianus, havilandii, hayesii, hebetatum, heckelii, heimii, helstonei, hemidasya, hemisphericum, heptanphyllum, heptaphyllum, heptaphyllus, herrerense, heterochroma, heteromorpha, heteromorphus, heterophylla, heterophyllus, heudelotii, heveoides, hexaloba, hexandra, hexandrum, hexapetala, hexaphylla, hirsuta, hirsutus, hirta, hirticalyx, hispda, hispida, hispidula, hispidum, hoffmanniana, holcogyne, holophyllum, holstii, hondensis, hookeriana, hopeifolia, horridum, hosei, hostilis, hostmanniana, hostmannii, huberi, huberiana, hulletii, hullettii, humeratus, humile, humiriifolium, hurifolia, hylodendron, hypochloro, hypoglauca, hypolampra, hypoleuca, hypophoenicea, idae, idatimon, Identificada, identificado, identified, iguanaea, ilicicifolia, ilicifolia, impetiginosa, impetiginosus, impetiolaris, impressa, impressinervium, inaequalis, inaequilatera, inappendiculata, incarnatum, incerta, inconspicua, incrassata, incurvata, indica, indicus, indum, inelegans, inermis, iners, ingoides, innapendiculata, inophyllum, insignis, insignis v, insipida, insularis, integer, integrifolia, integrifolium, intermedia, inundata, involucrata, irpicina, itacaianensis, itauba, iturensis, ituriensis, ivorense, ivorensis, jackianus, jambosoides, japurensis, javitensis, JCO788, jenmani, jenmanii, jinicuil, jiringa, johimbe, johnsonii, johorensis, joveri, juniniana, jupunba, juruana, juruensis, kabingaensis, kamerunensis, kappleri, keayana, kegelii, keithii, kemando, kerii, kerstingii, kikir, killipii, kingiana, kingii, klaineana, klaineanum, klainei, klugii, koetjapi, kola, koschnyi, krukoffii, krukovii, kuhlmannii, kunstleri, kunthiana, Kunthiana, kutejensis, kuteyensis, kwatae, laciniatum, lacourtianum, lactescens, lactum, laeta, laetevirens, laetum, laeve, laevifolim, laevifrons, laevigata, laevigatum, laevigatus, laevis, lagenifera, lambertiana, lamellata, lanateramula, lanceifolius, lanceolata, lanceolatum, lanceolatus, lanciferum, lancifolia, lane, lappaceum, large, lasiocarpa, lastoursvillense, lata, latericea, latericia, lateriflora, laterifolia, lateritia, latifolia, latiloba, latistipulus, lauraceae, laurentii, laurifolia, laurifolium, laurina, laurinum, lawii, laxa, laxiflora, lecointei, ledermannii, leembruggianus, lehmannii, leiandra, leiocalycina, leiocarpa, leiocarpum, lemairei, lemsii, lentiscifolia, leonensis, lepicarpa, lepidophyllus, lepidota, lepidotula, leporosula, lepranda, leprieurii, leprosula, leprosus, leptoclada, leptoderma, leptopetala, leptopoda, lescrauwaetii, letestui, leucanthum, leucobotrya, leucocoma, leucoma, leucoxylon, LHC36, libericus, licaniiflora, ligustrifolia, ligustrinum, limpato, lindaviana, lindeniana, lindenii, lindenni, linearicarpum, lineata, lisae, litoralis, litt, littorale, littoralis, lomatoloba, lomatophylla, longan, longepedunculata, Longflora, longiflora, longifolia, longifolium, longifolius, longipedicellata, longipedunculata, longipendula, longipes, longipetiolata, longipetiolatus, longisperma, longistylum, longistylus, longitubulosa, loretensis, loubryana, louisii, louro, lowiana, lowianus, lowii, lucens, lucentifolium, lucida, lucidula, lucidum, lucidus, luna, lunata, lunduensis, lunu-ankenda, lurida, luschnathiana, lutea, luxurians, lyrata, mabokeensis, macbridei, machadoana, machilifolia, macrantha, macrobotrys, macrocalyx, macrocarpa, macrocarpon, macrocarpum, macrocarpus, macroceras, macrocoma, macroloba, macrophylla, macrophyllum, macrophyllus, macropoda, macropodum, macroprophyllata, macroptera, macrosepala, macrosperma, macrostachya, macrostylis, madagascariense, madagascariensis, madang, madeirana, madruno, magnifica, magnificus, magnoliifolia, mahuba, maingayi, Maingayi, majuscula, mala-elengi, malaanonan, malabarica, malabaricum, malabaricus, malabathrum, malaccense, malaccensis, malacenes, malanica, malayana, malembaensis, mallacensis, malloticarpa, mangarawan, mangerawan, mangostana, mannii, mapourioides, mappacea, maraja, marcgravianum, marchandii, marginata, marginatum, mariae, maripa, markgrafiana, marleniana, marmieri, maroniensis, marowynensis, martianum, martii, martiniana, martinicensis, mataybifolia, mathewsii, matourensis, maxima, maximum, maxonii, maxwelliana, maynensis, mayumbensis, mazanensis, mecistopteryx, media, mediocris, medusula, megacarpa, megalantha, megalanthum, megalocarpum, megalophylla, megantha, megaphylla, megapotamica, megistocarpa, megistocaulum, meiantha, meianthera, mekongensis, melaanonan, melaccens, melanocarpa, melanocarpum, melanopoda, melanoxylon, melinoniana, melinonii, membranacea, membranifolium, menasu, mengarawan, meniaudi, mensalis, meridionale, mesoamericanum, mesozygia, mespiloides, mexicana, mezii, mezilaurus, micans, michelii, michelli, michellii, miconia, micradenia, micrantha, micranthera, micranthum, micranthus, micraster, microbotrys, microcalyx, microcarpa, microcarpum, microcephala, microcos, microdonta, micropetalum, microphylla, microphyllus, microstachyum, mildbraedii, millenii, mindanaensis, minor, minutiflora, miquelianus, miriantha, misantlae, mitiis, mitis, modestum, molaris, mollifolia, mollis, mollissima, mollucana, moluccana, mombin, monadelpha, monandra, monbuttensis, monopetalus, montana, moosa, morella, morettii, morii, morototoni, mortoniana, moschata, motleyana, msolo, mucuso, muehlbergiana, mukole, multicostata, multiflora, multiflorus, multijuga, multinervia, multiovula, multipinnata, multispicata, multistipula, munguba, muricata, murnia, murumuru, murure, mutabile, muticus, myriantha, myrianthus, Myrianthus, myriosticta, myristica, myristicifolium, myrmecophila, myrmecophyla, myrmecophylla, myrsinoides, myrtaceae, myrtifolia, naga, nana, nanayensis, nannanii, napoense, natalensis, Nees, neesiana, neglecta, negrensis, nemaluma, neoxythece, neriifolia, neriifolius, nervosa, nervosaHopea, nicaraguensis, nidularis, nieuwenhuisii, nigra, nigrecens, nigrescens, nigritana, niopoides, nitens, nitida, nitidissima, nitidula, nitidum, nitidus, nobilis, nocturnum, nodosa, nodulosum, noronhianum, noronhoe, nouragensis, novogranatensis, nuciferum, nudiflora, NULL, nutans, nux-vomica, nymphaeifolia, obanensis, oblanceolata, obliquifolia, obliquinervium, obliquum, oblonga, oblongata, oblongifolia, oblongum, obovata, obovatum, obscura, obscurum, obstetrix, obtusa, obtusifolia, obtusifolium, obtusifolius, obtusus, occidentalis, ochnacea, ochneocarpa, ochracea, ochraceae, ochrocalyx, ochrophloea, octandra, octandrus, octopleura, odontophyllum, odora, odorata, odoratissima, odoratissimus, officinalis, ogea, ohneocarpa, ohracea, okelensis, olacaceae, olacoides, oldemanii, oleaefolium, oleosa, oleracea, oligandra, oligandrus, oligantha, oliganthus, oligoneura, oliveri, omphalandra, omphalocarpoides, opaca, opacum, operculata, opifera, opposita, oppositifolia, oppositifolius, orellana, orientalis, orinocense, orinocensis, ormosioides, ornata, osmanthum, osun, ottolanderi, oubanguiense, ovale, ovalifolia, ovalis, ovata, oviformis, oxleyanus, oxyphylla, pachycarpa, pachyceras, pachyphyllum, pachyphyllus, pachypoda, pachysteloides, pachytracta, padiformis, paivae, pajang, palemb, palembancia, palembanica, paliidum, pallens, pallescens, pallida, pallidior, pallidum, pallidus, palmata, paludosa, palustris, pamifera, panacoco, panamense, panamensis, panicularis, paniculata, paniculatum, pannosa, panurensis, papaverifera, papaveroides, papaya, papilio, papillosus, paradoxa, paraense, paraensis, paraguariense, paraguariensis, parahyba, paramaca, parhyba, parilis, parillo, parinarioides, pariry, parsaensis, parvibractea, parviflora, parviflorum, parvifolia, parvifoliolum, parvifolius, parvifructa, parvistipulata, parvula, parvum, patens, Patens, patoiensis, patrisii, pauciflora, paulae, pavettoides, pavoniana, pavonina, pavonis, paxii, pectinosquamata, pedicelata, pedicellare, pedicellaris, pedicellata, pedunculata, pellegriniana, pellegrinii, peltata, penangensis, penangiana, pendula, penduliflora, penduliflorus, pendulus, pennatifolius, pentagyna, pentandra, pentandrum, pentandrus, pentanervia, percincta, percurrens, peregrina, periquino, perpulchrum, perpuncticulatum, perrotetti, perrottetii, persistens, pertusa, peruviana, peruvianum, perviridis, pescotomentosa, petalanthera, petidaris, petiolare, petiolaris, petiolata, petiolatus, petoumo, petraeum, pezizifera, phaeocarpa, phaeophylla, phalerata, philippensis, philippinensis, phloiodora, phoberos, pilosa, pilosissimum, pilosula, pilosum, pilosus, pinanga, pinchotiana, pinnata, pinnatum, piresiana, piresii, piriri, piscatoria, pisocarpa, pisonis, pittieri, pitumba, plagiocarpium, plasschaerti, platycalyx, platycarpa, platycephala, platycephalum, platyclados, platygyne, platyphylla, platysepalum, platyspermum, platythyrsa, pleeana, pleiostemona, plukenetii, pnematophora, pobeguinii, pocera, podocarpa, poeppigiana, poeppigii, poiteaui, polistachyum, polita, polyandra, polyantha, polyanthum, polybotryum, polycarpa, polychroma, polygyna, polyneura, polyneuron, polypetala, polyphleba, polyphylla, polystachyum, polystachyus, pomentala, pomiferum, ponga, popenoei, populneus, porosa, porphyrocarpa, potabile, potabilis, pouteria, povogini, praealta, praeclara, praecox, praetermissa, prainiana, prancei, prasina, precatoria, preurii, preussii, prieuriana, prieurii, principum, prismatocarpa, procera, procerum, prosoneura, protium, prouacensis, pruinosa, pruniforme, pruriens, pseudocola, pseudokunstleri, pseudolancium, pseudopsidium, pseudostipularis, pseudosumatranum, psilospermus, psilostachya, psittacorum, psychotrioides, pteridophyllus, pterocarpoides, pteroclada, pteropus, pterorachis, pterorhachis, ptychandra, pubera, puberula, puberulum, pubescens, pubicalyx, pubiflora, pubipetala, pubivena, puchury, pulchella, pulcher, pulcherimum, pulcherrima, pulcherrimum, pulcherrimus, pulvinata, punctata, puncticulatum, puncticulosa, punctulata, pungens, puoteria, purgans, purpurascens, purpurea, purui, purusana, purusensis, pustulata, putih, pycnantha, pynaertii, pyramidale, pyramidata, pyrifolium, pyriformis, quadrifaria, quadrifida, quadrijuga, quercifolia, quercifolium, quintasii, racemifera, racemosa, racemosum, radlkoferi, ramboi, ramiflora, ramuliflora, rassak, ravenii, recordiana, recurva, recurvata, recurvisepala, reflexa, regia, remiger, remota, renghas, reticulata, reticulatum, retinervis, revolutus, rhetsa, rhinopetala, rhodantha, rhoifolia, rhoifolium, rhopalocarpa, riana, richardiana, riedelianum, riedelii, rigida, rigidum, rigidus, rimosa, rivularis, roaseodora, robur, robusta, robustum, rodiei, rodolphii, rodriguesiana, rodriguesii, rogosa, rohrii, romanzoffiana, rosaeodora, rosea, roseum, rosiodora, rosodora, rossiana, rostata, rostrata, rostratum, rotundifolius, routledgei, rowlandii, roxburghii, ruber, rubescens, rubiginosa, rubiginosum, rubra, rubrinervis, rubrivenium, rubrostipulata, rufescens, ruficalyx, rufovelutinus, rufovirgata, rufrum, rufum, rugisa, rugosa, rugosum, rugulosa, ruiziana, ruizii, rumphii, rupicola, ruwensorens, ruwensorensis, sagotiana, sagotianum, sagotii, salicina, salikounda, samanensis, samauma, sanctae, sandakanenica, sandwithianum, sangal, sanguinea, sanguinolentum, santalinoides, santaremnensis, sanza, sapida, sapindina, sapindoides, saponaria, sapotaceae, sarapiquensis, sarawakensis, sarmentosa, sarosanthera, scaberrimum, scabra, scabrifolia, scandens, scheffleri, schiedeanus, schippii, scholaris, schomburgkiana, schomburgkianus, schomburgkii, schultesii, schweinfurthii, schwenkii, sciadophylla, sciophilum, sclerophylla, scleroxylon, scorpioides, scortechinii, Scortechinii, scrobiculata, sebifera, sellowiana, semialata, semicuneata, semiglobosa, seminis, senegalense, senegalensis, senssilifolia, septentrionalis, septrionalis, seretii, sericea, sericeum, sericobalanus, sericophylla, serrata, serratifolia, serratifolius, serratus, sertulifera, sessilifolia, sessilis, shawiana, sieberiana, siggersii, silvae, silvatica, silvestris, simaboides, simarouba, simiarum, simiorum, simplex, simpli, simplicfolia, simplicifolia, simplicifolium, sinemariensis, singkawang, singularis, sissoides, skutchii, smeathmannii, smithiana, smithianaia, smithianus, smithisi, smythei, smythesii, smythiesii, Smythiesii, soathulata, sola, solanaceae, sorbifolia, sorbilis, soulatri, soyauxii, sparsiflorum, spathulata, speciosa, speciosum, speciosus, spectabilis, sphaerocarpa, sphaerocarpum, spiciflorus, spinosa, spinulosa, spititatum, spixiana, splendens, spruceana, spruceanum, sprucei, spuria, squamata, squarenses, squarrosa, standleyana, standleyi, stapfiana, staudtii, steinbachii, stellata, stellatus, stenodictya, stenopetalum, stenoptera, stevensiana, stevensonii, stipitata, stipitatum, stipulacea, stipulaceum, stipulare, stipularis, stipulatum, stipulifera, stipulosa, stocksii, striata, strictum, strumosum, stylare, suaveolens, subaequalis, subcaudata, subcordata, subcordatum, subcoriacea, subcrenatum, subdimidiata, subdita, subericarpa, subglandulosa, subglauca, subincanum, sublamellatus, subnudum, subobouatum, subobovatum, subrotata, subscorpioidea, subsericea, subserratum, subsessilis, subspathulata, subsymetrica, subterminalis, subulata, subulatus, subviolacea, succosa, sucuuba, sumatrana, sumatranum, sumatranus, sumatrensis, sumatriana, sundaicus, superba, surinamense, surinamensis, surtifolia, surumuensis, swartzia, swietenioides, swintonioides, swynnertonni, sylvatica, sylvaticus, sylvestre, sylvestris, symingtonii, synandra, tabularis, tadulingamii, talamancana, talbotianum, talbotii, tamaquarina, tanarius, tangarana, tapia, tapos, tarapotensis, tauari, taubertiana, tawahense, tempehes, tenella, tenera, tenue, tenuiflora, tenuifolia, tenuifolium, terminalis, terniflora, tesmanii, tessmannii, testudinarum, testudinis, tetragona, tetramera, tetrandra, tetraphylla, tetraphyllum, tetraptera, thibaudiana, thomasii, thompsonii, Thouars, thurifera, thyrsiflora, tibourbou, tieghemii, tiliaceus, tiliifolia, tinctoria, tinctorium, tisserantii, toka, tokbrai, tomens, tomentella, tomentosa, tonduzii, toqueve, torta, toxicaria, trachyphylla, tragacantha, travancorica, trianae, triandra, tribola, trichilioides, trichogyna, trichogyne, trichostemon, trichotoma, tricolor, triflora, trifoliata, trifoliatum, trifoliolatum, trifolum, trigona, trigonioides, trijuga, triloba, trimera, trinervia, trinitatis, triplinerve, triplinervia, tristis, trunciflora, tschudyoides, tuberculosa, tubicina, tubifera, tubmaniana, tubulatum, tubulosa, tuerckheimii, tungurut, turbinata, tweediana, ucayaliensis, ucayalinus, uchi, ucuubinha, ugandensis, uleana, uleanum, ulei, ules, ulmifolia, ulmoides, umbellata, umbellifera, umbonata, umbrosa, uncinatum, undulata, uniflora, unifoliolata, unifoliolatum, unijugata, uraguensis, urcelliformis, urceolaris, urens, urophylla, urophyllus, usitata, utile, utilis, vaginans, Vahl, valerii, valerioana, valerioi, valerioides, valetani, valida, vanderguchtii, vargasii, variabilis, variifolia, velutina, velutinata, velutinum, venenosa, venenosus, venezuelana, venezuelanense, venosa, venulosa, venulosum, venusta, vera, verdoorniana, vernalis, vernicosa, verrucosus, versicolor, verticillata, vestita, vignei, villifera, villosa, villosum, vincentae, vinosa, virescens, virgilioides, virgultosa, viridicans, viridiflora, viridiflorus, viridis, vismiaefolia, vismiifolia, vitellinum, vogeliana, vogelianum, vogelii, volubilis, vomitaria, vomitoria, vulgaris, wachenheimii, wallichiana, wallichianum, wallichianus, wallichii, warmingiana, weigeltiana, welwitschii, Wghtii, whiteana, Whiteana, whitei, whytei, wieringae, wightiana, wightianum, wightii, wilburii, Willd, williamsii, wilsoniana, woodi, woodii, wrayi, wullschlaegeliana, xanthocarpa, xantophylla, xestophyllum, yapurensis, ypsilophlebia, zabucajo, zaizou, zanthoxyloides, zapallo, zechiana, zenkeri, zeylanica, zeylanicum, zeylanicus, zwageri, zygia"

Species includes the following dubious names: {r} paste(sp_wrong, collapse = ",").

With the following counts:

Code
taxo %>%
  select(family, genus, species) %>%
  unique() %>%
  filter(species %in% sp_wrong) %>%
  summarise(N = n()) %>%
  kable(caption = "Number of species issues")
Number of species issues
N
1284